Planning Your Outdoor Fire Pit

Before starting your project, consider the placement, size, design, materials, and regulations. These factors ensure a safe and enjoyable fire pit.

Choosing the Right Location

• Safety: Choose a location away from structures and low-hanging branches. An open space with at least 10-20 feet of clearance from buildings and vegetation is ideal.
• Convenience: Select a spot that is easily accessible for both fire tending and seating for guests.
• Conditions: Avoid areas prone to high winds, and ensure the ground is level to prevent fire hazards.

Determining the Size and Design

• Size: A common fire pit size is 36 to 44 inches in diameter, providing enough space for a fire while maintaining a comfortable distance for seating around it.
• Design: Choose a simple, circular design for easy construction or opt for a square shape for a more modern look. Consider the aesthetic you desire and how the fire pit will integrate with your existing outdoor space.

Selecting Materials

• Inner Wall: Use fire bricks or fire-resistant materials for the inner wall to contain the heat.
• Outer Wall: Natural stone, brick, or concrete blocks are durable and can match your existing landscaping.
• Capstones: These will provide a finished look and can serve as a seating area around the fire pit.

Understanding Local Regulations

• Permits: Check with your local government or fire department for any required permits or codes that need to be followed.
• Restrictions: Some areas have specific regulations on the type of fuel you can use or when you can have an outdoor fire.

By considering these key points, you'll establish a solid foundation for building a safe and pleasing outdoor fire pit.

Preparing the Site

Before beginning, select a flat, open location away from flammable objects. Ensure your chosen spot complies with local fire regulations.

Marking the Perimeter

Use a stake and string to outline the fire pit's perimeter, typically 36 to 44 inches in diameter. Mark the ground with spray paint or chalk for clear visibility.

Excavating the Area

Remove grass and topsoil within the marked perimeter to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Pile the excavated soil away from the site to maintain cleanliness.

Leveling the Ground

Check for levelness using a level and adjust the base by adding or removing soil. Firmly tamp down the soil for a solid, even foundation.

Constructing the Foundation

A solid foundation is vital for the stability and longevity of your outdoor fire pit. Here you will learn how to lay a concrete base and prepare gravel and sand layers.

Pouring a Concrete Base

Begin by marking a circle in the dimensions you desire for your fire pit. Excavate the soil to a depth of 6 inches, ensuring the bottom surface is level. Build a form using wooden stakes and 2x4 lumber, set to encompass the edge of your marked circle. Mix the concrete following the manufacturer's specifications and pour it into the form, spreading it evenly. You'll need to:

• Mix the Concrete: Use one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts gravel.
• Pour the Concrete: Fill the form until the concrete is level with the top edge.

Once poured, smooth the concrete with a trowel and allow it to cure for at least 48 hours.

Adding Gravel and Sand Layers

After the concrete has fully cured, add a layer of gravel on top for drainage. This gravel layer should be 4 inches thick and spread evenly over the concrete base.

1. Pour gravel over the concrete base.
2. Spread evenly to a thickness of 4 inches.

Next, add a 2-inch layer of sand on top of the gravel, leveling it out as well. This will be the surface on which you will set your fire pit stones or bricks.

• Spread a 2-inch layer of sand over the gravel.
• Level the sand with a straight board or a hand tamper.

Building the Fire Pit

Constructing an outdoor fire pit requires careful layering of bricks or stones, secure bonding with adhesive, and a methodical approach to stacking. Follow these steps to ensure stability and safety.

Arranging the First Layer of Bricks or Stones

• Lay out your bricks or stones in a circle at the chosen location for your fire pit.
• Use a level to ensure that the base layer is flat and even.
• The diameter typically ranges between 36 to 44 inches for optimal functionality.

Securing the Structure with Adhesive

• Apply a layer of masonry adhesive between the bricks or stones.
• Press them firmly together to create a strong bond.
• Allow time for the adhesive to cure according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Stacking Additional Layers

• Place the second layer of bricks or stones so that they overlap the joints of the first layer.
• Continue applying adhesive to each layer to maintain structural integrity.
• Stack to a height of 12 to 18 inches, which is generally sufficient for containing fire and radiating heat.

Adding Accessories

Selecting the right accessories can elevate your fire pit's functionality and aesthetics. Quality additions ensure your fire pit area is safe, comfortable, and enjoyable for years to come.

Installing a Metal Fire Ring

A metal fire ring acts as a protective barrier between the fire and your pit’s structure, prolonging its longevity. Follow these steps:

1. Measure the interior diameter of your fire pit.
2. Select a fire ring that fits snugly inside the pit to create a seamless look.
3. Position the ring at the center of the fire pit.
4. Secure the ring by embedding it slightly into the ground, ensuring it's level.

Ensure the ring is made from high-temperature-resistant materials to withstand frequent use.

Setting Up Seating

Comfortable seating is essential for full enjoyment of your fire pit. Options include:

• Permanent benches: Built from the same materials as the pit for a cohesive design.
• Adirondack chairs: Known for comfort and rustic appeal.
• Swing benches: For a dynamic seating option.

Arrange seats at a safe distance from the blaze, typically a minimum of 30 inches away, for a balance of warmth and safety. Factor in the number of guests you'll typically host to determine the amount of seating needed.

Safety Considerations

When building an outdoor fire pit, safety is paramount. You must consider protection against stray sparks and maintaining a clear zone around your fire pit.

Installing a Spark Screen

To minimize the risk of embers escaping and potentially starting a blaze, install a spark screen over your fire pit. Choose a screen with:

• Fine Mesh: Small enough to catch most embers.
• Durable Material: Typically made of metal to withstand high temperatures.

Maintaining a Safe Distance from Flammables

Keep your fire pit at least 10 feet away from any structures or combustible materials to prevent accidental fires. This includes:

• House walls
• Plants and Trees
• Outdoor Furniture

Use non-flammable materials such as stone, brick, or metal for the area immediately surrounding your fire pit to provide an added layer of protection.

Maintenance and Care

Regular maintenance ensures the longevity and safety of your outdoor fire pit.

Cleaning the Fire Pit

After each use, once the fire pit has completely cooled down, remove ash and debris. Use a metal scoop to transfer the ash to a metal bucket. At least once a month, scrub the interior with a wire brush to remove any soot or buildup. For gas fire pits, check and clean the burner and valves for blockages.

• Remove ash after each use
• Monthly: Scrub with a wire brush

Protecting the Fire Pit in Harsh Weather

To protect your fire pit from harsh weather conditions, consider investing in a durable cover. This will shield against rain, snow, and excessive sun exposure, which can lead to rust and damage. During extreme weather, such as heavy snowfall or storms, it's advisable to store your fire pit in a garage or shed.

• Use a weather-resistant cover
• Store indoors during extreme weather